Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran
N.
JAFARI
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
author
H.
LOTFALIZADEH
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجانشرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
author
Y.
KARIMPOUR
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
author
B.
GHARALI
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات
کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قزوین، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
The Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), is a polyphagous pest distributed in the world, as well as Iran. Several species of mulberries, Morus spp, are infested with P. comstocki in Tabriz, East-Azarbaijan province. In the present study, natural enemies of P. comstocki are studied during 2012-2013. As a result, nine insect species of predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with the pest were collected and identified as follows: Aphelinidae: Marietta pictaAndré; Encyrtidae: Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer, Coccidoxenoidesperminutus Girault, Echthroplexiella flava Mercet; Pteromalidae: Pachyneuron muscarum (L.); Signiphoridae: Chartocerus kurdjumovi Nikol'skaya; Cecidomyiidae: Diadiplosis sp.; Chamaemyiidae: Leucopis sp.; Coccinellidae: Chilocorus bipustulatus L. Within this assemblage, Echthroplexiella flava is new record for Iranian insect fauna. Based on available literature, C. kurdjumovi, M. picta and P. muscarum are hyperparasitoids of the mealybug. The population fluctuation and relative abundance of this association in Tabriz were studied in 2013 and the Anagyrus novickyi was successfully reared for the first time on P. comstocki.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
87
96
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106102_7522592bcec289589d1d507e6aa19575.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106102
Effects of Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin on some foraging behaviors of Encarsia formosa
A.
HEIDARI
بخش تحقیقات آفتکشها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و
ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
author
H.
KISHANI FARAHANI
بخش تحقیقات آفتکشها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و
ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
author
Y.
FATHIPOUR
گروه حشرهشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2016
per
Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae), causes economic damages in most of agricultural areas, which several natural enemies are restricting its damage. Among its natural enemies, Encarsia formosa (Hym: Aphelinidae) role in its population control is undeniable. Chemical pesticides can affect several various aspects of natural enemies’ biology. In the current research effects of three insecticides, Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin on host preference and functional response of E. formosa was studied. Wasps were exposed to insecticides by using leaf disc method. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions, 26 ± 1 ºC, 60 ± 5 RH and 16:8 (: D). According to obtained results parasitized hosts, third instar, were not significantly different in control and Buprofezin treated wasps (P > 0.05) and also between control and Pyriproxyfen treated wasps (P > 0.05). However control wasps significantly parasitized more hosts than Fenpropathrin treated wasps (P < 0.05). Results of logistic regression revealed that the control, buprofezin and Pyriproxyfen- treated E. formosa was a function of host density and followed a type II functional response while E. formosa treated by Fenpropathrin showed a type III functional response. Estimated attack rates of control, Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrintreated wasps was 0.043, 0.0108, 0.0132 and 0.0095 respectively. As our results showed Buprofezin or Pyriproxyfen application in integrated control programs of T. vaporariorum will result less side effects on parasitism and efficiency of E.formosa.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
97
110
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106103_c6b7ac7821f35077356cc8b4d9f1bbaa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106103
Study on the Mutillid wasps (Hym.: Mutillidae) in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum and Sorkh-e Hesar region of Tehran province, Iran
S.
HAMIDI
دانشآموختهی کارشناسی ارشد حشرهشناسی کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
author
E.
EBRAHIMI
بخش تحقیقات ردهبندی حشرات، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
author
R.
VAFAEI SHOSHTARI
دانشکدهی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study the fauna of mutillid wasps in Sorkhe-h Hesar area (Tehran) was studied. The taxonomical studies were supplemented whit the material deposited in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (Tehran, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection) In total 806 specimens were examined, among them 306 specimens were identified including 18 species belongs to 2 subfamilies and 13 genera, as follows: Dentilla dichroa (Sichel and Radoszkowski, 1869), Dentilla sabulosa (Skorikov, 1935), Dentilla zarudnyi (Lelej, 1985), Ephutomma angustata (Skorikov, 1935), Macromyrme sinuata (Olivier, 1811), Mutilla erschoffii (Sichel and Radoszkowski, 1870), Myrmylla caucasia (Kolentti, 1846), Nemka pondicherensis(Sichel and Radoszkowski, 1870), Skorikovia elongate (Radoszkowski, 1885), Smicromyrme standfussorum (Lelej, 2004), Tropidotilla litoralis (Petagna, 1787), Trogaspidia sp., Trogaspidia tobiasi (Lelej, 2004), Tropidotilla semirufa (Andre, 1893), Vanhartenidia dives (Smith, 1855). Three species including Artiotilla afghanica (Suarez, 1979), Dentilla ursine (Nagy, 1972) and Physetopoda deserta (Lelej, 1984) are recorded for the first time from Iran.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
111
120
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106104_70dcf2d918fe43d73ce72860aa373d4c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106104
Study on the resistance components in potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper against Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Col.: Chrysomelidae) in field in Naghadeh region, west Azarbaijan province
S.
AHMADI NAGHADEHI
گروه آگرواکولوژی; واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
author
A.
GHASSEMI-KAHRIZEH
گروه گیاهپزشکی; واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
author
M.
POURYOUSEF MIANDOAB
گروه زراعت و آگرواکولوژی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col.: Chrysomelidae), is the most important defoliating pest of potato worldwide and is one of the dangerous pests of other solanaceous crops such as eggplant and tomato in many areas of the world. To evaluate the resistance in potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper to the pest, a field experiment was conducted. In a field choice test, the numbers of attracted beetles to the species were determined as antixenosis index. To evaluate the antibiosis, studied species were planted in pots and on each pot sleeve cages were set up, in which 15 first instar larvae were released and reared. Larval weight on the 10th day after releasing, mortality percentages of larvae and pupae and durations for these stages were considered and analyzed as the antibiosis indices. To study the tolerance of species, infested and non-infested plots were isolated and arranged based on a randomized complete block design in field. In infested plots, each plant was infested by 25 second and early third instars larvae. Chemical and mechanical methods were used for controlling of non-infested plots. At the end of the season, defoliation and yield loss in infested plots were determined and compared with non-infested plots. Analysis of variance of choice test data showed that significant difference was observed between experimental species (P < 0.0001). Analysis of variance of antibiosis data showed that difference between species was significant for all studied traits (P < 0.05). The highest mortality rate and the longest developmental period of the pest were observed on pepper and tomato, respectively. Analysis of variance of tolerance data showed that significant difference was observed between species (P < 0.01) for all studied traits. A significant positive relation was observed between yield loss and defoliation traits (P < 0.01).
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
121
132
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106105_11967896090233e2478fc18a42cf4919.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106105
Study on population fluctuations of Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Hem.: Tropiduchidae) in Iran
R.
ARBABTAFTI
- موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
R.
DAMGHANI
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی،
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران
author
M. T.
FASSIHI
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان بوشهر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران
author
Y.
KHAJEHZADEH
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Dubas bug (DB), Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin, is one of the key pests of date palm in Iran. The biology and seasonal fluctuations in population of DB in different ecological conditions were studied. Completely infested date palm groves were chosen in Kerman, Bushehr and Khuzestan provinces during 2011-12. Also oviposition behavior of DB and daily activity of nymph were investigated on shoots and the spadix. DB had two generations in three provinces. The emergence of nymphs in winter generation varied from the first half of March in Bushehr to late April in Khuzestan. The emergence of nymphs in summer generation began from late July to early September. Adults were emerged from mid-May in winter generation in three provinces. There was a positive correlation between the population of nymphs and natural enemies include Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera in both years but no correlation was observed with adult population. DB did not lay eggs on fruits and spadix. Most of the eggs were laid on the upper surface of leaflets in comparison with axis and lower surface at first year 22.07 ± 1.19, 10.24 ± 0.45, 3.45 ± 0.29 and second year 19.35 ± 0.72, 6.28 ± 0.29, 1.71 ± 0.11 respectively. Oviposition was on young leaves (11.12 ± 0.57) more than old leaves (9.29 ± 0.42). Nymphs are hiding during the hottest hours of the day between the bases of the new fronds, palm trunk fiber and on shoots in both generations. DB overwinter in Bushehr province in addition to eggs, nymphs and adults as well.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
133
148
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106106_080095f0f2ff17a199b6afc013876c6b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106106
Frequency of some serotypes of viruses causing agent of yellow dwarf disease and seasonal changes in their vectors population in wheat and barley in Shahrekord
N.
AMANIFAR (SAHRAGARD)
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری، شهرکرد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
author
S. H.
NOORBAKHSH
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری، شهرکرد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Viral diseases with natural vector in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari province in most occasions cause economic damage. During 2006-2008, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Sipha elegans, Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Metopolophium dirhodum in order of frequency, respectively, were identified as the most important vectors of barley yellowdwarfvirus and cerealyellowdwarfviruses in Shahrekord. barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (PAV), barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (MAV) and cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (RPV) serotypes, respectively, were abundant. Aphid populations increased from late September and reached to the peak in mid-October. With the onset of early fall frosts,, nymph of some species moved to crown and roots of wheat and barley but none of the species were capable of overwintering in wheat and barley. There were relationships between incidence of serotypes PAV, MAV and RPV in wheat, barley and aphid vector population due to vector-serotype specificity. Under greenhouse conditions, based on symptoms and ELISA, were shown PAV by R. padi, S. avenae, M. dirhodum and S. graminum, MAV by S. graminum, R. maidis, R. padi and M. dirhodum and RPV by R. padi and S. avenae were transmitted.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
149
160
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106107_d550f539caf7756a9371da040a41d29e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106107
Demography of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different wheat cultivars
F.
MEHRKHOU
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی
author
P.
TARLACK
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی
author
text
article
2016
per
The Mediteranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) is a polyphagous pest in Iran. Effect of six wheat cultivars (Parsi, Pishtaz, Sardari, Bahar, Pishgam, Zarin) on demographic parameters of the E. kuehniella was determined at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D). The highest and lowest values of net fecundity and fertility rate were obtained on Bahar and Zarin wheat flour varieties, respectively. Also the highest and lowest values of intrinsic rate of increase obtained on Bahar (0.1076 ± 0.0018 female/female/day) and Pishtaz (0.0908 ± 0.0015 female/female/day) wheat flour varieties, respectively. The longest and shortest doubling time were observed on Pishtaz (7.58 ± 0.12) and Bahar (6.39 ± 0.10 days) cultivar, respectively. Because of the importance of population growth parameters, including intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Bahar was the most suitable host plants among the other wheat flour varieties. Determining of the suitable variety among different wheat flour would be helping us to improve natural enemy production using this pest as food on susceptible host plants.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
161
170
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106113_f7721adc9ec8cbc0630e0bc0703c823f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106113
Habitat survey of the Skylark (Alauda arvensis L.) and Crested Lark (Galerida cristata L.) in oilseed rape fields of Golestan, Mazandaran and Ardebil provinces
A.
KHALEGHIZADEH
مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
S.
KHORMALI
ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبد، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان ، ایران
author
M.
TAGHIZADEH
ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی پارس آباد، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Birds, in particular larks are damaging to oilseed rape leaves (in autumn and winter seasons). In the present research, oilseed rape fields were visited after growing leaves in line transects along their longest diagonals in Golestan, Mazandaran and Ardebil (Moghan) provinces and the following factors were registered: land size area (hectare), cultivation of adjacent fields, existence of trees, bird species and their numbers. When detecting a damaged patch (at least 5%−10% of oilseed rape plants had bird damage signs), cardinal and intercardinal directions in the farm, distance to the farm's edge and center, distance (m) to hedge, river/stream/canal and road were noted and the following characteristics were measured in a 1 × 1 m plot: number of oilseed rape plants, number of oilseed rape plants having bird damage signs, and number of lark faeces. According to the results, bird damage rate in 129 damage patches was averaged at 46.43% ± 1.87 that the highest bird damage rate was found in Golestan province (52.82% ± 2.39). According to statistical analyses, bird damage rate was significantly different among these three regions, damage rate of different bird species in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, presence of trees around the farm in Golestan and Moghan, position of bird damage patch (P < 0.05). Bird damage rate had positive significant correlation with number of lark faeces and distance to road (P < 0.05). There was not found any significant relationship between the remaining factors with bird damage rates (P > 0.05). According to the results obtained, in order to reduce bird damage rate, it is recommended to: sowing oilseed rape in early autumn and before the arrival of migrating Eurasian Skylarks, cultivation of oilseed rape and wheat farms very close together, and cultivation of oilseed rape near roads.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
171
180
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106114_16fb3c8d3543e397541bbd6fd7fe47ef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106114
Biology and seasonal fluctuations of pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Hem., Aphididae) in Isfahan
M.
AHMADI
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
N.
POORJAVAD
استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
text
article
2016
per
Pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Hem., Aphididae), is the pest of pomegranate trees that damages through feeding and producing considerable amounts of honeydew. Biology and Seasonal fluctuations of the aphid were studied in Isfahan by weekly sampling from infested trees during two years (2013-2014) and the percent mortality of eggs was calculated during winter. To determine important life table parameters of A. punicae in natural conditions, leaf cages were used in spring and summer. The results indicated that first nymphs and alate aphids were observed in early and late April, respectively. The population of viviparae was increased rapidly in late April and May and came down in summer. Wingless oviparae and alate males appeared in mid fall and oviposition occurred in early November on twigs of trees. The estigmated intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the reproductive rate (R0) were higher in spring than summer and were 0.26 ± 0.01 day-1 and 14.90 ± 1.32 nymphs, respectively. Also, the highest winter mortality of aphid’s eggs was occurred in mid of March.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
181
188
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106115_8f46621c550cd5458eeb55067ee5a74c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106115
The two-sex life table of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii fed on Phyllocoptes adalius in laboratory conditions
M.
MAROUFPOOR
گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه کردستان
author
text
article
2016
per
Phyllocoptes adalius, is an important pest of roseus plants. Phytoseiid mites are the most important natural enemies of pest mites to be considered in integrated pest management. Amblyseius swirskii is an omnivorous mite that feeds on many species of small arthropods as well as pollen grains. Life table gives the most comprehensive description on the survival, stage differentiation and reproduction of a population and thus is the most important basis of population ecology and pest management. In this study, the life parameters were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 0.5 ˚C, 70-80% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D), P. adalius was used as prey. To initiate experiments, 50 eggs were used as a fertility and life table with a follow-up cohort until the death of the last individual. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) the net reproduction rate (R0), mean generation time (T) and finite rate of increase (λ) were estimated 0.172 day-1, 12.59 offspring/female, 14.72 days and 1.18 day-1, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that A. swirskiiwould be able to develop at 25 °C feeding on P. adaliusand can play a role in biological control of P. adalius.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
189
200
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106116_5db3ec56c2fdabff28e340410e0b0580.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106116
Life cycle, damage and control of the pistachio bud-borer moth Telphusa pistaciae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
M. R.
MEHRNEJAD
موسسه تحقیقات پسته کشور، رفسنجان، ایران
author
R.
MIRZAEI
موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، کرج، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
The life cycle of the pistachio bud-borer moth, Telphusa pistaciae Sattler,was monitored on pistachio trees in a cultivated plantation in Sirjan, southern Iran, through 2010–2012. It was found that the adult moths appeared in nature from early May and egg laying was started around 10 May. The first-instar larvae bore directly through the upper epidermis, producing a short and twisting galleries. It feds on the parenchyma for 4 months. The second instar larvae appeared around 20 September and dispersed out of the galleries and penetrated into buds. The 2nd instar larvae overwinter inside the buds, and then become active from Early March, when fed on buds’ internal tissues. The larvae attack any available buds consecutively. The pupation occurred around 20 May and the adult emergence and egg laying were also lasted about 40 days. The life cycle of this moth completed through a year. It was observed that the larvae cause severe damage into the both flower and vegetative buds, resulting yield loss and trees weakness. Based on the field survey, carefully timed chemical sprays can cause high mortality to the first-instar larvae in second half of June.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
201
208
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106117_b838694dce745971d5214c7b2b3aeeca.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106117
Purification and biochemical characterization of phenoloxidase from hemolymph of Glyphodes pyloalis (Lep: Pyralidae)
M.
SHARIFI
دانشجوی دکتری گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه گیلان
author
M.
GHADAMYARI
دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه گیلان
author
R. H.
SAJEDI
گروه بیوشیمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2016
per
Insect phenoloxidase (PO) (EC 1.14.18.1) is the key enzyme in development and immunity of insects. Inhibition of this enzyme could be a new target for pest control. The lesser mulberry snout moth, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is an important pest of mulberry trees in north of Iran. This pest feeds on mulberry leaves and causes serious problems for the silk industries. In this study, PO from hemolymph of G. pyloalis was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The apparent molecular weights of two isoforms were determined by SDS-PAGE as 69.66 and 70.53 KDa. The inhibitory kinetics of PO showed that the mechanisms were competitive and mixed inhibition for 4-hexylresorcinol, kojic acid and quercetin, respectively. Optimal pH and maximum temperature for PO activity purified from G. pyloalis were 7 and 35 °C, respectively. The purified PO was stable at 40, 45 and 50 ºC for 30 min. The effects of different ions on enzyme activity showed that Zn2+ had a significant inhibitory effect.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
209
222
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106118_d86aca81b6f4821d271fce13f01b0e7d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106118
Determining spatial distribution of alfalfa leaf weevil Hypera postica and root weevils Sitona spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using geostatistics
R.
KARIMZADEH
استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
M.
ZAKERI ILKHCHI
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشرهشناسی؛ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
SH.
IRANIPOUR
استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, spatial distribution pattern of alfalfa leaf and root weevils was determined using geostatistics. This study was conducted in four alfalfa fields (0.4, 0.5, 3.1 and 7.3 ha) located in the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. The 0.4 and 0.5 ha fields were divided into 10 × 10 m grids and 3.1 and 7.3 ha fields were divided into 30 × 30 m grids. Weekly samplings were started at the end of winter and continued until the last clipping of the yield. Depending on the height of alfalfa plants, a 1 × 1 m quadrat and a standard sweep net were used for weevils sampling. One sample was taken from each grid. Spatial analyses of data were conducted using GS + 5.1.1. Degree of dependence (DD) was used for determining spatial dependency of data and spatial distribution pattern of alfalfa weevils. Distribution maps were produced using ArcGIS 9.3. DD values were > 26% for 97 out of 116 data series, indicated that weevils are aggregately distributed in the alfalfa fields and has medium to strong spatial dependency. These results provide useful information about ecology of leaf and root weevils in the alfalfa fields and can be used in site-specific management programs.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
223
236
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106119_e0e20f52d0e4864c670de5216467c008.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106119
Hybridization between some Iranian and commercial apple cultivars and resistance assessment of the hybrids to Apple Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha)
A.
HEIDARIAN
عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
author
M.
PIRMORADIAN
عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات باغبانی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
A crossing program was initiated between three native golab varieties (kohans, Soltani and Esfahan) and three commercial cultivars (Mcintosh, Red spur and Gala) and the relative susceptibility of genotypes to powsery mildew was assessed. At the time of swelling buds, commercial trees were isolated by cloth mesh. At the time of blossoming, several consecutive, hand pollination were carried out by pollen grains of male parents . After ripening, the fruit harvested and the seeds were planted in greenhouse condition. Apple powdery mildew spore suspension, prepared and three times in two days intervals sprayed on progenies at two to four leaf stage. Two weeks after the last spraying, assessment was carried out based on a 0-7 index. Of the 191, 2281, 9178 and 10949 seeds in 2008 to 2011, 69, 265, 438 and 180 progenies resistant obtained, respectively. Among the different crossing plans, Red spur♀ × Golabe Soltani♂, Red spur♀ × Golabe Kohanz♂, Gala♀ × Golabe Esfahan ♂and Gala♀ × Golabe soltani, had the highest rate of resistance level with the 177, 172, 164 and 157 progenies resistant, respectively based on the 4 years assessment. In the second assessment based on some horticultural traits 56 resistance genotypes selected and their resistance assessed in natural conditions for 3 years and grouped using a tree diagram after cluster analysis by SPSS software.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
237
246
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106120_9af2aae2d9a47fed7632111da4b2fe9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106120
Population growth parameters of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechiidae) at field condition in Khosrowshah region, East Azarbaijan province
A.
NAHANI
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته حشرهشناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
author
SH.
SHAHROKHI KHANGHAH
مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
A.
POORHAJI
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most important pests of tomato which rapidly spread into most areas of Iran after its entrance to the country. Biology of the pest was studied and its population growth parameters were calculated at a tomato field condition in Khosrowshah region, East Azarbaijan province of Iran in 2014. Leaf cages were installed on Super Strain B tomato variety and 55 eggs were placed separately. Eggs were observed daily for hatching. Larvae and pupae mortality and development were also recorded daily. After adult emergence, number of eggs laid by adult females was recorded per day till they died. Survival rate of T. absoluta from egg to adult was 74.54% with sex ratio of 60.97 percent. The most mortality (25.46%) occurred at the egg stage. The average duration of hatching eggs, and larvae and pupae developmental periods were 4.37 ± 0.08, 10.78 ± 0.07 and 7 ± 0.06 days, respectively. The tomato leaf miner completed a generation (from egg to producing the first egg) on tomato during 23.08 ± 0.06 days. The data was analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase was 0.141 ± 0.005 day-1, finite rate of increase was 1.15 ± 0.006 day-1 and net reproductive rate was 43.72 ± 6.63 offsprings/generation.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
247
258
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106121_f8c9c26e37c7fe4d208ecc586ae47d6f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106121
Sequential sampling of the canola false chinch bug, Nysius cymoides (Hem.: Lygaeidae)
J.
MOHAGHEGH-NEYSHBOURI
مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
M.
AMIRMAAFI
مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
SH.
SHAHROKHI KHANGHAH
مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
A.
PIRHADI
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بروجرد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بروجرد، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Crowds of the false chinch bugs Nysius cymoides appear in many canola fields of the country at pod ripening stage. To develop sequential sampling plans for eggs, immature stages and adults of the bug, samples were taken during two years from a canola field in the Broojerd Agricultural Research Station. Samples were randomly collected twice a week using a 5 × 5 cm quadrat and an aspirator. Then, the specimens were carried to the lab in alcohol tubes for counting the different stages. Taylor’s power law parameters were used to create Green’s sequential sampling plans at 10, 15 and 25 percent precision levels. The results showed that sample size for eggs was larger than nymphs and adults for different levels of precision. Sample sizes were dramatically reduced by increasing population density in different sequential models. Generally, sequential sampling models at 25 percent precision level are recommended for monitoring N. cymides populations due to reducing sample sizes to less than half, compared with those at 15 percent precision level. However, the 10 percent precision level models were not applicable because of large sample size estimations.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
259
264
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106122_fde7c620fb30d70f25a9d013513a4200.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106122
Effect of Trap Crops to Reduce Infestation of Pests Melon in Khorasan Razavi (Short Communication)
H.
RAHIMI
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
author
A.
KAKHKI
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
author
H.
RAHIMI
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
author
M.
ARAGHI
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
author
M.
DADMAND
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
Melon is a valuable crop in agriculture. Several pests are effective in reducing production. In order to reduce the use of chemical insecticides in melon fields and improve non-chemical methods, Kurkmelon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) and Samsoori muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulata) were chosen as a trap crop for some of pests. This research was carried out with randomized complete block design in three replications and various ratios of melon bushes to trap crops. The results showed that, trap crops were able to reduce the damage of all important melon pests according to the type and the number of trap crops in experimental plots and increased the amount of healthy product at 17.92-36.12% (13.9-30.76% for Baluchistan melon fly, 8.14-12.24% for lesser pumpkin fly and 5.67-8.69% for cucurbit weevil in comparison with check treatment.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
265
268
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106123_43433ccd36a317bd3366d121002688ac.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106123
Identification of seed feeder Bruchidae of pasture legumes in East Azabaijan province (Short Communication)
M.
NIKDEL
بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
author
A.
FATHALIZADEH
بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
author
V. R.
MONIRI
مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, infected seeds of pasture legume plants (Fabaceae) were collected from different regions in East-Azarbayjan province during 2010-2013. Host plants and their seed feeder pests were determined by field collecting and laboratory rearing of insects on the respective hosts. Thus, a total of 124 legume specimense (belonging to 32 species) were collected from 7 sites across rangelands of which 71 specimense (belonging to 26 species) was positive for seed-eating insects. Based on identification study, many extracted granivores from infected seeds, were Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. Among the seed-eating species, 13 Bruchidae species belonging to 3 genera (Bruchidius, Bruchus and Paleoacanthoscelides) were identified as follows: Bruchidius annulicornis (Allard), Bruchidius longulus Schilsky, Bruchidius nanus (Germar), Bruchidius pusillus (Germar), Bruchidius sp., Bruchus nikdeli Delobel & Sadeghi, Bruchus emarginatus Allard, Bruchus hamatus Miller, Bruchus concinnus Klug, Bruchus sibiricus Germar, Bruchus libanensis Zampetti, Bruchus lugubris Fahraeus, Paleoacanthoscelides gilvus (Gyllenhal).
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
269
274
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106124_e5ee87795b54542d99ff888689b89028.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106124
First report of the parasitoid wasp Dolichogenidea turkmena (Hym.: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran (Short report)
F.
JAHAN
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
author
A.
MOGHBELI GHARAEI
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر(عج) رفسنجان
author
GH.
HASANSHAHI
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
author
A.
MOHAMMADI KHORAMABADI
بخش تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز
author
H.
ABBASIPOUR
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران
author
J.
PAPP
گروه جانورشناسی، موزه تاریخ طبیعی مجارستان
author
text
article
2016
per
During a survey on the collection and identification of the insects associated with Pistachio gall aphids including Forda hirsuta and Slavum mordvilcovi on Pistacia atlantica in Tang shekan, Arsanjan region of Fars province during 2013, a parasitoid wasp, Dolichogenidea turkmena Telenga 1955 (Hym.: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) was collected and identified by the last author which is a new record for the fauna of Iran (1, 2). Specimens of the parasitoid wasp were deposited in the insect collection of Shahed University, Tehran. Dolichogenidea turkmena Telenga 1955 (Hym.: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) Material examined: IRAN, Arsanjan (29°49'4.92"N, 53°32'45.40"E), 8 April 2013, 3♀, 7♂. Distribution: Armenia; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan (4) and Iran (new record). Diagnostic characters: Body length 2.5-2.8mm; antennae slightly shorter than body, grayish brown; length of maxillary palps much less than height of head; tegulae usually yellow; mesonotum with dense fine punctation, lustrous; scutellum in middle part smooth; fore wing with light yellow stigma; metacarpus slightly shorter than its distance from wing apex; second radiomedial vein not developed; propodeum smooth, without wrinkles anterior to apical depression, lustrous; hind femora reddish yellow; first abdominal tergite parallel-sided, in apical half smooth, with sparse, fine punctation; oblique grooves of 2nd abdominal tergite widely situated, middle field between them broad and trapezoid; sixth abdominal sternite faintly sclerotized, longitudinally striate in basal part; ovipositor sheath as long as hind tibia (3).
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
275
276
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106125_39555b243d852a636c803ee0b1264cba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106125
Population genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides causal agent of rice crown and root rot in Ilam province using SSR Marker (Article in English)
KH.
NOUROLLAHI
استادیار بیماریشناسی گیاهی گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه ایلام
author
Z.
HAGHI
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بیماریشناسی گیاهی گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه ایلام
author
text
article
2016
per
Study on the genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides populations, provides different levels of information in management of root rot disease in rice farms.Simple Sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to determine genetic structure and genetic diversity in 39 F. verticillioides isolates from five different regions in Ilam province, such as: Tangehghir, Lomar, Shirvan, Sarableh and Darehshahr. Average number of alleles in populations were 10.6, the number of alleles in populations varied from 9 allele in Tangehghir and Darehshahr as the lowest to 13 allels in Lomaras the highest. Observed number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were higher in Lomar (Na = 1; Ne = 1.276) compared to other populations. The genetic diversity (H)and Shannon's Information index (I) were also higher in Lomar (H = 0.167; I = 0.254) but lower values were estimated for Darehshahr (He = 0.141; I = 0.204). The lowest genetic distance was found between Tangehghir and Lowmar (0.00) and then Shirvan, while the highest genetic distance was revealed between Darehshahr and Tangehghir (0.018). Total gene diversity (Ht) and gene diversities between subpopulations (Hs) were estimated 0.125 and 0.116, respectively. Gene diversity attributable to differentiation among populations (Gst) was 0.072, while gene flow (Nm) was 6.368. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA showed the lowest genetic distance between Tangehghir and Lomar and then between Shirvan. The dendrogram indicated a high genetic distance between Darehshahr and four remaining populations.Results from this study will be useful in developing necessary control methods for Rice crown and root rot disease.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
83
v.
شماره 2
no.
2016
13
22
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_106126_26ed0655abc03bc14abcc03e2d5c6877.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106126