Physiological and biochemical changes in cucumber infected by Pythium aphanidermatum and the effect of calcium silicate on damage reduction
H.
CHAKANI
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، بخش زیستشناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز
author
S.
MOHSENZADEH
دانشیار، بخش زیستشناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز
author
R.
MOSTOWFIZADEH-GHALAMFARSA
استاد، بخش گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز
author
text
article
2017
per
Pythium aphanidermatum is a cosmopolitan and soil-borne Oomycete which is a root rot pathogen for various species of Cucurbitaceae. The impacts of the pathogen on physiological changes in cucumber plants and the effect of different concentrations of calcium silicate on disease damage reduction were investigated. Three concentrations of calcium silicate, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, were applied in this study. Different plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis and antioxidant response were studied. Seedlings were planted in greenhouse and collected after 36 (growing stage) and 71 (flowering stage) days. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, carbohydrates, proteins, anthocyanin contents, lipid proxidation, and catalase activity in the plants were measured. This study showed a decrease in chlorophyll and cartenoid levels and an increase in the levels of the other factors after inoculation. All the measured factors such as proline, carbohydrates, proteins and anthocyanin were increased in healthy plants after adding 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate compared to the controls. In infected plants which were treated with 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate, an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels and a decrease in all other monitored factors were observed. The level of chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, and prolin in the reproduction stage were significanlty more than the vegetative stage. Based on these findings, application of 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate would reduce the physiological disorders such as plant growth reduction and root rot due to P. aphanidermatum infection of cucumber plants and also better physiology in healthy plantss.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
213
226
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_108140_36109c8beb166d95ef8043765c3dfd1d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.108140
Investigation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of several Plant Pathogenic Fusarium Isolated on Different Hosts
H. A.
MIRHOSSEINI
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
V.
BABAEIZAD
دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
author
L.
HASHEMI
فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
E.
BASAVAND
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
text
article
2017
per
In 2011-2013, to study of plant pathogen Fusarium species on different hosts, the samples from Yazd, Kerman and Mazandaran provinces were collected. This study was purposed for identification of plant pathogen Fusarium species on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics and relationship between of species. The samples were detected to eight different species including: F. brachygibbosum, F. delphinoides, F. equiseti, F. globosum, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum. F. brachygibbosum as causal agent of oleander leaf spot, F. delphinoides as kidney weed root rot, F. equiseti as stem canker in castor bean, F. globosum as giant cane sheet blight, F. incarnatum as stem canker on redroot pigweed, F. oxysporum as aloe leaf rot and F. proliferatum as causal agents of sesame canker, cycas leaf blight and date palm vascular wilt, for first time have reported in Iran. F. delphinoides is a new species for the mycoflora of Iran.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
227
238
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107213_3393a0e5d920a86cc24dfcdf5be4b1ca.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107213
Cryptococcus magnus as the causative agent of stem and branch canker of stone fruit trees in the some central provinces of Iran
M.
DEHGHAN-NIRI
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
H.
RAHIMIAN
استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
V.
BABAEIZAD
دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
text
article
2017
per
canker is one of the most damaging diseases of stone fruit trees which incites depressed brown to black lesions, often accompanied by exudation of gum, on twigs, branches and trunk of affected trees. The most common causal agents of bacterial canker in the world as well as in Iran are Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. To determine the predominant causative microorganism in some major fruit growing areas of the central provinces of Iran, samples were taken from the canker-affected stone fruit trees in these regions and macerates of the affected bark tissues were plated on sucrose nutrient agar (NAS). The predominant colonies appearing on NAS were whitish and yeast-like in appearance. Pathogenicity of representative isolates on peach (Prunus persica) seedlings were confirmed. Microscopic, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of pure cultures of the isolates were determined. DNAs of representative isolates were extracted and the rDNA ITS regions were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were compared with those deposited in GenBank. Partial sequences of the 26S rRNA, RPB1 and RPB2 genes were determined and compared with those existing in GenBank. Budding globose cells were predominant in cell suspensions studied under the microscope. The isolates showed the highest identity with Cryptococcus magnus based on the sequences of the ITS regions. The identity of the isolates as C. magnus was further verified by comparison of the nucleotide sequences of their 26S, RPB1 and RPB2 genes with the homologous regions in Cryptococcus species.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
239
250
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_108180_aff8b85a494361554d2d45bc1efbdfc3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.108180
Survey of damage rate of rodents and birds on walnut damage and its effective variables in Kerman province
A.
KHALEGHIZADEH
Researcher
author
M.
NASERI
مربی، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، کرمان
author
M. E.
SEHHATISABET
کارشناس ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات زیست محیطی استان کرمان، کرمان
author
text
article
2017
per
Kerman province has the highest area under walnut cultivation in Iran. In summer 2014, 422 specimens were collected in walnut orchards of Kerman province, of which 248 specimens (58.8%) were attributed to rodents, 70 (16.6%) were attributed to birds and the remaining 104 specimens (24.6%) were attributed to both rodents and birds. In summer 2015, in those orchards that previously experienced vertebrate damage, five orchards and 27 trees were randomly selected and walnut fruit specimens with signs of rodent and bird damage were collected in four different dates. The damage rate was between 10.5% and 96.2%, giving the average damage rate 34.5%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference of the damage rate among the selected orchards (p<0.05). The height of walnut trees measured 9.2 m, the diameter of trees 35.2 cm and the thickness of fruit 1.43 mm. The distance of trees from the nearest river or stream was measured 41.9 m, from buildings 421.7 m and from roads 449 m. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the damage rate had significant correlation with the height of and the diameter of walnut trees, the distance from buildings and roads (p<0.05) but it was not found a significant correlation with the thickness of fruits and the distance from rivers or streams (p>0.05).
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
251
260
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107095_68f533a9cea08fc4abafefae63242ebb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107095
Identification of the fungal pathogens causing leaf spot on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice paddy fields of Mazandaran
F.
BAGHERI
کارشناس، آزمایشگاه کنترل بیولوژیک آمل، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران
author
S.
NAEIMI
عضو هیأت علمی بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
Barnyardgrass is the most important weed in paddy fields of northern Iran. In order to identify the fungal pathogens causing leaf spot on this dominant weed, symptomatic plants were collected from rice fields in different areas of Mazandaran province. Leaf pieces of ca 0.5×0.5 cm from the margins of diseased spots were surface sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and washed with sterile distilled water. The pieces were placed on water agar 2% or PDA supplemented with streptomycin sulfate. All Petri dishes were incubated at 25°C in darkness. The grown fungal colonies were isolated and purified using single spore or hyphal tip methods. To determine their pathogenicity, detached-leaf assay and spraying spore suspension on whole plants in greenhouse were used. The fungal isolates which caused symptoms, considered for further studies. Morphological identification of pathogenic isolates was performed using standard keys and monographs. In addition, genomic DNA was extracted and a nuclear rDNA region was amplified. The resulting sequences were submitted to a BLAST search to find most similar sequences in NCBI GenBank. Overall, based on morphological and molecular data, the identified fungal pathogens were Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris oryzae, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
261
268
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107096_1ce38335c5b84c3c8d2906be83abcac1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107096
Simultaneous application of two species of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis to control root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on tomato
M.
BADAKHSHAN
کارشناس ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
E.
MAHDIKHANI-MOGHADDAM
دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
S.
BAGHAEE-RAVARI
دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
H.
ROUHANI
استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2017
per
In the current research, simultaneous application of Trichoderma harzianum (T.BI) and T. virens (T.65) species with two strains of Bacillus subtilis (MD, Bs) were evaluated on reduction of Meloidogyne javanica pathogenicity indexes and improvement of tomato growth factors in a bioassay trial fungal culture extract and bacterial suspension were tested on mortality of second stage juveniles and egg hatching individually and simultaneously. Application of T65 (T. virens) and MD (B. subtilis) caused 5 and 1.5 times enhancement in juvenile mortality and egg hatching inhibition of M. javanica in comparison to control in laboratory conditions. Furthermore, roots of tomato seedlings with 4-5 leaves were treated by mentioned combination in greenhouse. Comparing to control treatment of T65+ MD lead to reduction of gall, egg and second stage juvenile numbers by 68, 57.5 and 38.3 % respectively. According to our results, efficiency assessment of T.65+MD treatment on reduction of pathogenicity indexes in root knot nematode is recommended under natural condition. Evaluation of tomato growth factors improvement in pot experiments revealed that MD bacterial strain, has potential of increasing tomato shoot and root length by 34 and 110 % respectively in comparison to healthy control. Therefore, it seems that MD strain is suitable candidate for further research in the fields of plant hormones production and possible induction of resistance in plant.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
269
278
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_108181_0e7502e19c8f9bf54b6e223925b1aece.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.108181
Preparation of Emulsifiable Concentrat formulation of Neem seed extract and investigating its efficacy against green peach Aphid Myzus persicae
B.
HEIDARI ALIZADEH
موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
A.
HEIDARI
مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
S. S.
MODARES NAJAFABADI
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، هرمزگان، ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
Azadirachtin is an active ingredient present in the Neem seed extract and oil with pesticidal properties. Studies show that this compound with a different mode of action can be effective on many agricultural pests like insects, mites, nematodes and pathological fungi. Therefore a lot of efforts have been made to develop and prepare an effective commercial formulation of this product. In this study, development of an effective formulation of Neem extract was undertaken. Therefore, the Neem extract was obtained from Neem seed by acetone and the presence of Azadirachtin was confirmed by proton NMR method. The purified Neem extract was used to prepare the EC formulation. Hence 5 g of sunflower oil with 130 mg of the purified Azadirachtin extract along with different amounts of Tween 85 as emulsifier (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 gram) were mixed in 50 ml test-tubes. Creaming and phase separation of the prepared emulsion were studied as the quality control factors according to the FAO standards and finally 1.28% EC formulation of Neem seed extract was obtained. Evaluation of the efficacy of different concentrations of this formulation compared with pirimicarb, diazinon and deltametrin on green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, after 14 days showed that the Neem formulation (EC 1.28%) with the dose of 3 ml/l, pirimicarb and diazinon showed 71.4±2.5, 74.5±3.7 and 76.9±2.6 percent mortality respectively, were placed in the same group statistically. Therefore this formulation can be used as an alternative or in rotation with other insecticides.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
279
290
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107097_d0dd9e242553410376a83622918141d8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107097
Attractiveness of Iranian synthesized pheromone of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera olea (Rossi) (Dip. Tephritidae)
B.
HEIDARY ALIZADEH
P.O. Box 1454, Tehran
author
A. A.
KEYHANIAN
دانشیار، مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) is an important pest cause a lots of damages these days in various climates condition. 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (olean) as a attractive compound of the olive fruit fly was prepared successfully by several chemical steps. At first, this cyclic attractive compound was prepared from the reaction of the protected alchohol 3-butyn-1-ol and -valerolactone, followed by catalytic hydrogenation and finally treating with an acidic condition afforded olean. Attractiveness of Iranian synthesized pheromone a, at doses of 1, 2, 5, 50 and 100 mg was compared with non-Iranian synthesized pheromone and a control treatment (sticky yellow trap without pheromone) in 4 replications in an olive orchard (3 ha) at Kalaj region (Trom Sofla, Ghazvin) in 2010. Sticky traps (20×25 cm) were placed at the middle and southern part of trees. Distance between traps was 100 m. Pheromones were left in the traps for one month during which their catches were recorded weekly. Each week the sticky traps were renewed. Analysis of variance showed that during the first two weeks, Iranian synthesized pheromone at 50 and 100 mg doses had the highest catch rates which were not significantly different for non-Iranian synthesized pheromone catch rates. Analysis of variance showed that during the third week of study, there were significant differences in catch rates of Iranian synthesized pheromone and non-Iranian synthesized pheromone.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
291
300
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107556_2b38fb8b3cdb59da8238786c6ac25ac3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107556
Genetic diversity of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolates based on the partial coat protein gene
H. R.
MAGHAMNIA
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
M.
HAJIZADEH
استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
A.
AZIZI
استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
text
article
2017
per
Coat protein in plant viruses plays multiple roles in all infection cycle steps and commonly used in phylogenetic studies. To order phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity and selection forces on partial coat protein of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolates, seven isolates B10, B21, B22, H7, W5, Z3 and Z14 from west of Iran were sequenced of several hosts and compared to 64 isolates retrieved from the GenBank. Phylogenetic tree were constructed based on 432 nucleotides of CP gene in MEGA6 software and estimation of genetic diversity and selection forces were performed in DnaSP version 5.10.05. In phylogenetic analysis, isolates B10, B21, B22, H7, Z3 were placed into European and Iranian group whereas, W5 and Z14 were placed in distinct group with east isolates. The largest nucleotide diversity (π=0.104) was obtained for the east isolates were in compared to Iranian, European and American isolates whereas, lowest diversity (π=0.0211) were found for the American isolates. Negative selection forces in CP gene history were deduced by ratio of non-synonymous nucleotide diversity to synonymous nucleotide diversity (dN/dS) was less than one. No recombination events were detected in this part of ZYMV-CP isolates and seems that genetic diversity in this part of genome resulted from nucleotide mutations
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
301
312
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107592_5cd41d701cfe6ff89b6914e7bc51e9eb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107592
Laboratory and field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for the control of Archips rosanus Linnaeus in Mazandaran province
R.
PIROUZ
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
author
M. R.
DAMAVANDIAN
دانشیار؛ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی،
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
author
B.
AMIRI BESHELI
دانشیار؛ گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی،
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
In this study, the effects of,Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp kurstaki on the larval stages of Archips rosanus Linnaeus was investigated. Dipping methodwas usedfor bioassayin vitro. LC50 and LC90 of the first and, the sum of second and third larval instars were shown to be 4480, 9010 and 4460 19040 ppm, respectively. A semi-field experiment on the two-year Washington navel (Citrus sinensis(L) Osbeck.Var novel) plants with 5 treatments and water as control was conducted in a completely randomized design. After data analysis, LC50 and LC90 of the first and the second instars larvae of A. rosanus 96 hours after treatment were 2130, 13790 and 2840, 16840 ppm, respectively. The field experiment was conducted in 3,000 m2 orchard of 30 hectares. In this experiment, four treatments namely, Malathion (2000 ppm), B. thuringiensis (0.5 and 1 percent) and water as acontrol compared with each other. The average number of alive larvae of A. rosanus on sample units trees in the first year had no significant difference, but in the second year on the trees for the control,B. thuringiensis (0.5, 1 percent) and Malathion 7 days after treatment,were 5.466a, 2.4c, 4.4ab and 3.266bc, respectively. Overall results showed that microbial insecticide B.t has killing efficiency for the larvae in the orchards.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
313
326
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_108121_b0ac72b43aabd8a99166d8772c5b4036.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.108121
Evaluation of antibiosis resistance of several tomato cultivars to tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechiidae) in laboratory conditions
M.
SAFAEENIYA
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
author
A.
SEDARATIAN-JAHROMI
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University
author
M.
GHANE-JAHROMI
استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
author
M.
HAGHANI
دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکدهی کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
author
text
article
2017
per
In the present study, antibiosis resistance of five greenhouse cultivars of tomato (‘Cindel’, ‘Santella’, ‘Infinity’, ‘Dafnis’ and ‘Goldy’) to tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, were investigated in the laboratory. The experiments followed a complete randomized design using 100 same-aged eggs on each cultivar. Data analyzing was performed using Age-Stage Two Sex Life Table theory. The results showed that the highest (27.11 ± 0.31 days) and lowest (23.44 ± 0.16 days) duration of total immature stages were recorded on ‘Santella’ and ‘Infinity’, respectively. The highest mortality of immature stages (29.17 ± 4.64 %) was recorded on ‘Cindel’. Population growth parameters of T. absoluta were significantly affected by different tomato cultivars. The lowest (37.731 ± 7.489 offspring/individual) and the highest (74.521 ± 10.386 offspring/individual) net reproductive rate (R0) were recorded on ‘Dafnis’ and ‘Infinity’, respectively. The highest estimated intrinsic rate of increase (r) was recorded on ‘Infinity’ (0.147 ± 0.005 day-1). According to results obtained, ‘Goldy’ and ‘Infinity’ had the highest and lowest antibiosis resistance to T. absoluta, respectively. Our finding could be useful in integrated management programs of this gelechiid pest on tomato in the greenhouse.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
327
344
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107211_fda90cacae58f3a74e03602d92adf9f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107211
Sequential and binomial sampling models of Sipha elegans (del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in irrigated wheat fields in Miyaneh region, Iran
S.
RAJABI
Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
author
SH.
SHAHROKHI
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
SH.
IRANIPOUR
Faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2017
per
Spatial distribution of Sipha elegans as well as sequential and binomial sampling plans for estimating its population were studied in Miyaneh wheat fields, northwest of Iran. Sampling was carried out every three days by visiting 100 wheat stems and counting the aphids. Mean and variance of aphid population at sampling dates were used to estimate spatial distribution parameters. Regarding to better description of the data by Taylor's power law, parameters of this method were used to develop sequential and binomial sampling plans at both research and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) precision levels (0.1 and 0.25, respectively). S. elegans was observed in the field from early June to early July with aggregated spatial distribution. In sequential sampling model, sample size required to determine aphid mean population was decreased by increasing density and precision level from 0.1 to 0.25, for example, sample size required in mean density of one aphid per stem was decreased from 2138 stems at 0.1 to 324 stems at 0.25 precision level. Sample size was also smaller (342 stems) in binomial model than enumerative one (431 stems) at 0.25 precision level in the mentioned above aphid density. According to the results, sample size was enormous in both sequential and binomial models and at research precision level, but sequential and binomial sampling models at IPM precision level were recommended for determining S. elegans mean population because they reduce sampling time and cost in aphid’s integrated pest management programs.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
345
354
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107593_0618e1084ff7ac1f1291b4ff37d28d81.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107593
Comparison of feeding indices of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lep.: Noctuidae) on four tomato cultivars (Short communication)
M.
AZIZI
فارغ اتحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زیست شناسی علوم جانوری، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران
author
M.
KHOSRAVI
عضو هیات علمی، گروه زیست شناسی علوم جانوری، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران
author
B.
NASERI
عضو هیئت علمی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
author
text
article
2017
per
The tomato looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) is one of the polyphagous insect pests of different agricultural crops including tomato in Iran and some countries of the world. Nutritional indices of fourth and fifth instars of this pest in response to feeding on four cultivars of tomato (“Cal.JN3”, “Hed rio grande”, “Sun 6108f1” and “Super crystal”) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested (ECI) (61.89%) and digested (ECD) (81.64%) food, and the lowest approximate digestibility (AD) (82.50%) and consumption index (CI) (1.69) were on “Sun 6108f1”. The larvae reared on Super crystal had the highest RCR (0.341 mg/mg/day) value. The highest value of growth rate (GR) was on “Sun 6108f1” (3.42 mg/day), and lowest value of this index was on “Hed rio grande” (2.58 mg/day). Our findings revealed that cultivars “Hed rio grande” and “Cal.JN3” were unsuitable for feeding of C. chalcites.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
355
358
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107212_54f986c183e6bd89849ceaa2cc577788.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107212
New record the genus and species of Ksenoplata quadrata Bouček (Hym.: Pteromalidae) on Ephedra major in Iran (Short report)
O.
HADI
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی
author
M. H.
KAZEMI
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی
author
H.
LOTFALIZADEH
بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،تبریز
author
text
article
2017
per
Ephedra (Ephedracae) belongs to Klamidosperm (2) and growths in arid areas, desert and mountain. In Iran, it includes 13 species with 13 varieties. It’s a medical plant and uses for more than 2000 years in Chinese traditional medicine for asthma and other respiratory problems (4). Different species of Ephedra have more or less well-known ephedrine alkaloids that use widely. Ephedra fruit’s extract is effective for respiratory problems (3). It has different pest, such as 10 species of the families of Curculionidae, Bruchidae and superfamily Chalcidoidea. Some of these wasps are pest and parasitoid of Bruchidae such as Bruchidius. During this study, specimens were collected by aspirator and were kept in the micro tubes containing 70% alcohol. The initial investigation showed it belongs to the genus Ksenoplata. These species was identified as Ksenoplata quadrata Bouček, 1965 using identification keys of Bouček (1965) and Trjapitzin (1981). This species has not been collected in Iran so far (3). Specimens are deposited in the insect collection of the Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz, Iran.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
359
361
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107098_aa5d1dbe503ca8c8c498f4dbf3bded80.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107098
Combination of entomopathogenic nematodes and chemical insecticides for controlling the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the laboratory condition (Article in English)
M.
KASHKOULI
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
N.
POORJAVAD
استادیار حشرهشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
J.
KHAJEHALI
دانشیار حشرهشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
text
article
2017
per
Entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) combinations with other control agents are applied to obtain more desirable control of a pest by additive or synergistic effects on the pest mortality. In this study, the potential of EPNs (Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) alone, chemical insecticides (imidacloprid, deltamethrin, and abamectin) alone, and EPN-insecticide combinations, against the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was investigated. In the first experiments, the effects of different concentrations of insecticides and EPNs on the thrips larvae were tested and the LC10 and LC30 values of insecticides were calculated. Then using a pre-treatment bioassay, the thrips larvae were treated with the EPNs at two concentrations, 400 or 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) per cm2, after they had been exposed to LC30 of abamectin (5.16 mg per litre (l), LC10 of imidacloprid (50.16 mg/l), or LC10 of deltamethrin (10.28 mg/l). Mortality percentages were recorded at different time intervals, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the EPNs utilization. Results showed that the sole application of EPNs caused less than 30% thrips mortality. The combination of H. bacteriophora and all insecticides interacted additively on the thrips mortality whereas imidacloprid treatment showed adverse effects on the efficacy of H. bacteriophora at 1000 IJs/cm2. Additive and synergistic interactions resulted in combining insecticides with S. carpocapsae. These combinations gave mostly higher thrips mortality than with EPN alone and synergistic interactions were observed in S. carpocapsae application at 400 IJs/cm2 with imidacloprid and deltamethrin and also at 1000 IJs/cm2 with abamectin.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
1
10
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_107591_abd14578a4f396e2ed6ac268e64c261c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.107591
Biocontrol of Verticillium wilt of potato caused by Verticillium dahliae using selected biocontrol agents (Article in English)
J.
AMINI
دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان
author
text
article
2017
per
Verticillium wilt of potato is a major limiting factor in potato production. In this study, a total of 14 biocontrol agents, consisting of seven different species (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma deliquescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia marcescens), were examined for antifungal activity in vitro and greenhouse conditions against Verticillium dahliae which cause potato wilt disease. Antagonistic effects of biocontrol agents were evaluated against V. dahliae, through volatile and non-volatile metabolite production mechanisms in in vitro. All antagonists caused significant reduction in growth of V. dahliae compared to control. The maximum antagonistic properties were observed in isolates of T. flavus with inhibition zones ranging from 65.4 to 66.7% by dual culture method. The ability of biocontrol agents were varied in production of siderophore, protease, cyanide hydrogen and indole acetic acid. Results of the greenhouse study in 75 days after sowing indicated that all biocontrol agents reduced disease severity and vascular discoloration of Verticillium wilt at different rates. Accordingly, Trichoderma flavus TFPV24 was the most effective in reducing disease severity and vascular discoloration of potato Verticillium wilt by 76% and increasing yield by 171% compared to the untreated control. In general, in both in vitro and greenhouse assay, isolates of T. flavus were the most effective antagonist and the least antagonistic effect belonged to Serratia marcescens. The overall results of this study showed that isolates of T. flavus have high efficacy in controlling potato Verticillium wilt.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
11
20
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_108122_988b6fecb791df6af0d81446fd9e9142.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.108122
Improved procedure for mass inoculum production of Fusarium species in a short period of time
M.
MORADI
Head of Technology and Crop Production Department- Pistachio Research Center
author
Heinz-Wilhelm
Dehne
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
author
Ulrike
Steiner
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
author
Erich-Christian
Oerke
Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
author
text
article
2017
per
An improved method of conidia production is described and compared to a conventional method growing Fusarium species on LSPDA medium under near-ultraviolet (NUV) light for 21 days. In the improved procedure, Fusarium spp. were grown in PDB for three days and subsequently spread as aliquots onto LSPDA, SNPMA and WA media. To remove excess water, the cultures were dried in a laminar flow cabinet for 20 to 30 min. Air-dried plates were incubated under NUV light at 25 ºC for 3 days. To compare aggressiveness of conidia produced by either method, wheat ears were inoculated at the mid-flowering. Disease incidence (% infected kernels) and Fusarium head blight severity as well as fungal biomass produced in the infected kernels were determined. The improved method effectively triggered sporulation of Fusarium spp. and gave high yields of conidia per unit of area within two days of incubation on solid media which is significantly higher compared to spore quantities produced with the conventional method. The average number of conidia produced by Fusarium spp. using the improved and conventional methods ranged from 56 to 156 and 0.8 to 38.6×106 (per plate), respectively. Spore production quantity was highly variable with the conventional method using different Fusarium species. However, morphology of conidia was similar in both assays. The aggressiveness of Fusarium inocula produced by both methods was not significantly different with respect to the ability to cause FHB and to colonize wheat kernels (P≤0.05). Microscopy examination showed the high conidiation rate from phialides on hypha.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP)
1026-5007
84
v.
شماره 2
no.
2017
21
31
https://jaenph.areeo.ac.ir/article_109009_d558703f908b52eab48be17191bd63c3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2017.109009