با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه آگرواکولوژی وواحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

سن گندم، Eurygaster integriceps Put. مهمترین آفت گندم در ایران است که می‌تواند موجب کاهش کمی و کیفی قابل ملاحظه‌ایی در عملکرد محصول گردد. به منظور مقایسه­ی میزان مقاومت نه رقم زراعی گندم نسبت به خسارت این آفت، آزمایش‌هایی در شرایط مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 1393-1392 انجام گرفت. بدین منظور، دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای تیمار و شاهد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی طراحی شد. هر آزمایش شامل سه بلوک (تکرار) بود. آلودگی تیمارهای آزمایشی به صورت طبیعی و شاهد بدون آلودگی با کاربرد آفتکش، انجام شد. محصول گندم در بلوک‌های تیمار و شاهد برداشت و میزان کاهش عملکرد، وزن هزار دانه­ نسبت به شاهد و میزان کاهش وزن پنجاه دانه­ی سن­زده نسبت به پنجاه دانه­ی سالم به ازای هر پوره­ی سن در تمامی ارقام تعیین گردید. همچنین تراکم پوره‌های سن 4 و 5 و میزان سن‌زدگی دانه‌ها به ازای هر پوره­ی سن در آزمایش تیمار نیز تعیین شد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها در مورد تمامی صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف میان ارقام آزمایش معنی‌دار بود (0.01 ≥ P). بر اساس مقایسه­ی میانگین‌ها، ارقام سایسیونز و زرین به ترتیب با میانگین 0.03±0.35 و 0.01±0.38 درصد کاهش عملکرد به ازای هر پوره­ی سن، کمترین میزان کاهش عملکرد را نسبت به شرایط غیرآلوده نشان دادند. بین صفت کاهش عملکرد و میزان سن‌زدگی دانه‌ها همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری مشاهده گردید (0.01 ≥P).

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the resistance of nine wheat cultivars to the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., in the field conditions in Naghadeh, west Azarbaijan

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. RAHIMI 1
  • A. GHASSEMI-KAHRIZEH 2

2 Islamic Azad University

چکیده [English]

The sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. is the most important pest of wheat in Iran that can considerably reduce its quality and quantity yield. Identification and deployment of resistant cultivars is an effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategy of this pest. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of nine wheat cultivars to this pest in 2014. To study the level of resistance of cultivars, the infested and non-infested plots were isolated and arranged based on a randomized complete block design in field. The plants of infested plots were infested naturally. Non-infested plots controlled with chemical method. Grain yield, thousand grains weight and the weight of  fifty sunn pest damaged grain in infested plots was determined and compared to non-infested plots for each cultivar. Also, density of fourth and fifth instars nymphs and percent of sunn pest damaged grains per nymph were determined in infested plots for each cultivar. Significant differences were observed for all studied traits (P≤0.01). The comparison of means showed that the cultivars Zarrin and Saysionese with means of 0.35±0.03 and 0.38±0.01%, respectively, had the least grain yield loss in comparing with non-infested wheats. Significant positive correltion was observed between grain yield decrease and percent of sunn pest damaged grains (P≤0.01).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • sunn pest
  • resistance
  • Resistant cultivars
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